First, the development of world cashmere industry
1. Production Overview The main cashmere producers in the world are China, Mongolia, Iran, Afghanistan and Kazakhstan.
Stan, Gilgi
Stan, Pakistan, Turkey and other countries. China is the largest cashmere producer in the world, accounting for more than 70% of the world's total output; Mongolia produces about 20% cashmere, and a very small part of cashmere is produced in other countries. Because of the important economic value and various uses of cashmere, since the 1970s, Australia, New Zealand, the Soviet Union
Glen and the United States also began to develop cashmere industry.
In China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong and Liaoning are the main cashmere producing areas in China. Inner Mongolia is the dominant cashmere producing area with the largest number of cashmere goats and the highest cashmere yield in China, accounting for about 1/3 of the world cashmere production, and is known as "world cashmere sees China, China cashmere sees Inner Mongolia".
2. Quality Overview The value of cashmere is influenced by three factors: fineness, length and color. International textile industry department
Mendao cashmere
The fineness of international market requires 13.0 ~ 16.0μ m, and the diameter is below 16.0μ m.
Cashmere with long length has the highest price, and the unit price decreases with the increase of diameter. The colors are white velvet, blue velvet and purple velvet.
Among them, white cashmere is the most precious, accounting for only about 30% of the world cashmere production. The color of cashmere produced in Mongolia is mainly blue and purple, with white cashmere accounting for about 5%, blue cashmere and purple cashmere accounting for about 70%, with a length of 35 ~ 37 mm and a fineness of13 ~15 μ m. The cashmere produced in Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and other central and western Asian countries is mainly dark in color, coarse in fineness, short in length and poor in hand feel. The diameter of Afghan cashmere fiber is 16.5 ~ 17.5 micron; The diameter of Iranian cashmere fiber is 17.5 ~ 19 micron, which can only be used to spin woolen cashmere products: the diameter of Russian don cashmere fiber is 19.5 micron; The diameter of Turkish cashmere fiber is16 ~17 μ m; The diameter of Australian wild cashmere fiber is 16.5 ~
16.9 micron. China cashmere is not only fine in texture, with a fiber diameter of 13 ~ 15μ m, but also has a high proportion of white cashmere, accounting for about 40%.
In northern China, including Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and other places, white plush with a length of more than 34 ~ 42 mm is mainly produced, which is the main raw material for knitted garments. Central Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei and other places. Production of 22 ~ 32 mm plush-free, suitable for making woolen products. Tibetan purple velvet, fineness 14.8 micron, length 34mm, good feel, pure color and unique style, is well received by the market. Liaoning white cashmere goats have high cashmere yield. The white cashmere produced by Alashan cashmere goat, Arbas cashmere goat and Erlangshan cashmere goat in Inner Mongolia and Sai Han cashmere goat in Chifeng is called "white in white" (the length is more than 36mm, and the fineness is less than 15.3 micron), and the white cashmere produced by Tibetan cashmere goats in northern Tibet is of particularly good quality.
Second, the current trade situation of world cashmere industry
Britain, Italy, Japan, the United States and other countries are the largest importers of cashmere in the world. According to China Customs Statistical Yearbook, in 2006, Italy imported 2,254 tons of raw wool, Britain imported 408 tons and Japan imported 345 tons. Due to the slow economic growth, the United States imported less raw wool than in previous years. As for cashmere exporting countries, Mongolia exported 927 tons of raw cashmere in 2006, with an export value of 22.224 million US dollars: Kazakhstan exported 1.2 1.389 tons, with an export value of 1.5 1.4 million US dollars; Belgium exports 12 13 18 tons, with an export value of US$ 2.264 million: Turkey exports1219 tons; Iran exports 1 15 tons. Looking at the global pattern. Great changes have taken place in cashmere industry in recent years. First of all, the large-scale production enterprises in the United States gradually withdrew; Secondly, many cashmere industries in Japan are shrinking. Due to the high domestic cost, the Japanese textile industry has moved its factory to China for production. 1989 Japan imported more than 0/000 tons of plush/kloc-0, and in 2002 it imported less than 400 tons. European traditional cashmere producing countries, such as Britain (once the country with the largest cashmere processing volume in the world, importing cashmere accounts for 60% of the world trade volume every year), Italy and other countries. Due to the high labor cost, it also started.
Transfer textile enterprises to China.
Due to the resource advantages of cashmere production, most of China's domestic cashmere is processed at home, and 3000 tons of cashmere imported from Mongolia and other countries every year are also processed at home. 93% of the world's cashmere raw materials are concentrated, mainly exported to more than 40 countries and regions such as Japan, the United States, Italy, Britain and France, accounting for 80% of the world's exports. According to statistics, in 2006, China exported 654.38+0.57 billion US dollars of cashmere and its products, including 32065.438+0 tons of cashmere-containing and cashmere-free products, amounting to 238 million US dollars. Cashmere sweater production12120.87 million pieces, amounting to $602 million; The export value of cashmere scarves is $430 million; The export value of cashmere yarn and other finished products is $300 million. Compared with previous years, the proportion of China's raw wool exports decreased, and the export of cashmere products increased.
1997 after the Asian financial crisis. Affected by the recession of the world economy and international trade. From 65438 to 0998, the export price of cashmere in China decreased, and the export volume also decreased. 1999 cashmere was overproduced, the price dropped to the lowest point of 47,300 USD/ton, and the export volume reached the highest point of 5,074 tons, which was about 1.5 times higher than that of 1998. In 2000, the effective demand in the international market increased, and the export price ratio of cashmere increased by 0.7 1999. However, due to the collapse of 1999 cashmere price, some small enterprises closed down one after another, resulting in a 38% decline in export volume. In the past two years, the international market fluctuated greatly, exceeding the normal demand, which led to the increase of foreign stocks. In addition, in order to make profits, some enterprises export inferior cashmere products with low cashmere content to foreign countries, which leads to many return claims, leading foreign investors to be very cautious when buying goods. In 2000, the export orders of cashmere decreased by 30% compared with 1999. Among them, orders from Japan, the United States and Europe decreased by 50% respectively.
%, 20% and 20%. Since 2002, the export volume and price of cashmere industry have developed steadily and fluctuated up and down.
Not very big.
China cashmere trade is greatly influenced by international and domestic policies. On June, 2004, 65438+ 10 1, the Chinese government cancelled the export tax rebate policy of cashmere 13%, which forced the enterprises producing cashmere to price according to the cost, and the export price rose, which rectified the chaotic situation of cashmere export from the source and standardized the competitive environment. On May 1 2005, countries such as Europe and America lifted the textile quota restrictions on China, thus realizing the integration of global textile trade. However, some countries and regions such as Europe and America are worried about the huge export potential of China's textiles. Take various trade remedy measures to investigate the restrictions or constraints of 20 kinds of products in China. According to customs statistics, in 2005, the foreign exchange earnings of cashmere sweaters and cashmere sweaters in China were only 300 million dollars and 600 million dollars respectively.
Third, the development trend of the world cashmere industry
In today's increasingly equal world trade environment, cashmere industry will develop rapidly in areas with more comprehensive international competitiveness. Judging from the present situation and trend of cashmere industry at home and abroad, the development of world cashmere industry will present the following characteristics:
1. The consumption of cashmere products is becoming civilian, and the consumption is increasing year by year. The consumption of cashmere products is high in Europe.
Patents of the income class. From an economic point of view, cashmere products belong to
High-end consumer goods, whether increasing income or lowering prices, will increase demand. With the development of cashmere industry
As well as the improvement of people's living standards all over the world, cashmere products are gradually becoming civilian, and consumer demand is expanding year by year. Manufacturers in many countries are also committed to making cashmere sweaters at low prices and setting their sweater industry in low-cost countries. The import of low-priced cashmere sweaters in the EU has increased rapidly. At the pure cashmere product exhibition held at the Paris International Clothing Wholesale Expo, exhibitors introduced 100% pure cashmere sweaters and sold them to retailers at the price of 17.5 euros (about RMB 180 yuan) per piece. Retailers then sell these clothes to consumers at a price of 30 ~ 40 euros each. At the same time, Gap, Benetton, Zara, Mango and other fashion brands launched cashmere blended products with a price of tens of euros.
2. After the quota system is abolished, the cashmere market will be re-integrated.
The cashmere industry will realize the optimal allocation of global resources, and the cashmere output will be improved.
The industrial chain will once again play a role in the fair, free and mutually beneficial global market competition. Therefore, the world
All cashmere enterprises will face new opportunities and challenges.
Three-quarters of cashmere sweaters in the international market are made in China, but less than 20% of them really have China brand. A few years ago, limited by quotas, most cashmere products exported from China entered the international market by OEM, and the products were sold at low prices by OEM, which made the price of cashmere products from China remain high in the international market. In 2005, the average export price of cashmere products was $30, and the lowest was $ 16, which was14 of British Apple brand cashmere products and13 of Italian Lorobiana brand cashmere products. However, the OEM price of foreign enterprises is 3 ~ 4 times or even 10 times of the import price, and foreign enterprises can make a profit every time they sell about 50% of a batch of products, even if they sell cheaply after the season changes.
The competition in cashmere market is the competition of comprehensive strength. With the cancellation of global textile quota in 2005, the international market
With the expansion of market space, the production capacity of cashmere products in China will be further released. Because of its resource advantages and
Product advantages will attract more foreign investment, advanced technology, advanced management and other factors, strengthen cooperation with other countries, promote the development of China cashmere industry in quality, management, environmental protection, brand and other aspects, and promote industrial upgrading. However, some foreign cashmere products enterprises are about to face the impact of a large number of cashmere products from China entering the international market, and will look for developing countries with cheaper labor than China as partners to explore diversified markets. Therefore, the cashmere market will be re-integrated in the new trade environment.
3. The appreciation of RMB in China will lead to the decrease of cashmere products in the international market in the short term. China is the cashmere of the world.
The main producers and exporters of cashmere products are exported from China at low prices.
Advantages, the appreciation of RMB means the relative increase of cashmere export price. At this time, China products will decrease in the international market.
Global price competitiveness. Cashmere export enterprises will also suffer exchange losses when their export income is converted into RMB, which will reduce the profit rate of cashmere export enterprises. In addition, in 2007, the appreciation of RMB, rising labor prices and rising raw materials and energy prices will lead to rising production costs, which will have a short-term impact on cashmere enterprises that are highly dependent on export trade, especially seriously affecting the export of cashmere products with low prices and low technology content.
Based on the above factors, the appreciation of RMB in China has had a great impact on the production costs at home and abroad, which will further guide the transfer of capital to more profitable production areas. Therefore, international companies will invest in countries with lower costs.
Build a factory. Cashmere production enterprises in China will sell cashmere products in China in the short term; In the long run, we will tap the potential from reducing costs and increasing efficiency, increase the added value of products, and restore export growth.
4. Improving the technical content of products and building independent brands will become the theme of competition in the world cashmere market.
Under the serious influence of environmental protection and competitive environment, the competition of world cashmere industry has gradually changed from the competition of product quality to the competition.
Develop into personalized service and brand value competition. Italy, Britain, France and other countries do not produce cashmere, but they do.
The top cashmere brand in the world. Although there are dozens of well-known brands in China cashmere industry, there are few independent brands that "go abroad". Ordos Group, the largest cashmere producer in China, has been trying to establish its own brand abroad, but in 2006, its own brand only accounted for about 65,438+00% of its export products, and the rest were sold by world-renowned clothing manufacturers.