(1) Life imprisonment
Death penalty. There are more than 20 ways to execute the death penalty in the Qin Dynasty, and the representative ones are:
1. Five sentences. It is a kind of death penalty combined with corporal punishment. According to records, the execution procedure of the five punishments is to cut off the face first, then cut off the nose, then cut off the left and right feet, then kill them with rattan, and finally cut off the head and chop the bones into meat sauce for public display.
2. Kill people. "Questions and Answers on Qin Bamboo Slips in Sleeping Tiger Land" explains: "Life is destined to kill water, and its name is also". That is, throwing people into the water alive and drowning.
3. That is, buried alive, Qin Shihuang once regarded more than 400 Confucian scholars who opposed his policies as "Xianyang".
4. family. That is, a person commits a crime involving his relatives, and the criminal is executed together with his relatives.
5. The car cracked. That is, the victim's head and limbs were hung on five carriages, and then the horse was driven to pull in five directions to dismember the body.
(2) Corporal punishment
That is, corporal punishment, which is a punishment for hurting the victim's body. The main corporal punishments used in Qin dynasty are slap, ink, slap, amputation of left and right toes and castration. Corporal punishment in Qin dynasty can be used alone. It can also be used in combination with penal servitude.
(3) penal servitude
That is, the penalty for forcing prisoners to work is equivalent to imprisonment for later generations. The penal servitude of the Qin Dynasty mainly includes the following:
1. Cheng Dan, Massachusetts.
The male prisoner is a city Dan, engaged in city-building labor; Female prisoners are hard labor for women. This is the heaviest penal servitude in the Qin Dynasty. "Hanshu Jiuyi" records: "Those who control the city rule the city." If a woman is a woman, she can cure rice. "
2. Ghost wages and white money. Male prisoners are ghosts, while female prisoners are white. According to "Hanshu Jiuyi", the so-called "ghost salary" is to force male prisoners to go up the mountain to cut firewood for the purpose of offering sacrifices to ancestral temples. The so-called "white rice" means forcing female prisoners to choose rice, so that the selected white rice can be used for sacrifice in the ancestral temple. Ghost wages and white money should be lighter services than cities and cities.
Scott, just like Scott. Male criminals are scouts, just waiting for thieves. In this kind of work, he often went to the frontier, where he served hard labor and guarded the frontier. As a female prisoner, according to her physiological characteristics, she is not suitable for serving in the frontier, so she is allowed to work as a shepherd in the mainland.
Hou forced the prisoners to go to the border as scouts to observe the enemy.
5. servants and concubines. Punish male and female criminals or their families as government handmaiden and perform all kinds of labor or chores for the country. Hanshu records: "Men are courtiers and women are concubines." In the Qin Dynasty, courtiers and concubines were all prisoners for life.
6. Punishment and reproduction. Male offenders are punished and female offenders are reformed. The penalty is to force male prisoners to guard in the border areas, while female prisoners go to the government for hard labor.
(4) Property punishment
Property punishment is a punishment to deprive prisoners of their property. Property punishment in Qin Dynasty mainly includes compensation, redemption, failure and confiscation.
1.
It is a punishment to sentence a prisoner to pay property or compensate with hard labor.
There are three main types of punishment in the Qin law unearthed in Crouching Tiger Hiding Land:
One is gold;
One kind is relics, mainly armor or shields;
One is hard labor,
For those prisoners who can't afford armor or shields, they can compensate with labor.
2. redemption.
Redemption is different from redemption. Redemption punishment is to sentence criminals to pay certain property according to law, and redemption punishment is to let criminals pay legal property instead of the already sentenced punishment.
Judging from the Qin bamboo slips, the range of punishment that could be redeemed at that time was quite wide, including death, palace, forbearance, punishment and relocation.
3. Not collected.
"Nothing" means that the criminal's property is forcibly confiscated by the state.
"Expropriation" includes confiscation of property and confiscation of population.
(5) Status punishment
Identity punishment is a punishment that deprives criminals of their political identity, such as titles and official positions. The charges are "taking title" and "abolishing".
1. Waste. Abolish the punishment that the official records of criminals will never be used. Qin said that those who are abolished and exempted from official duties are abolished officials. "Anyone who is abolished is an official."
2. Take the title. Cancel the title of the offender and deprive him of his privileges.
(6) Redefinition of punishment
"Emigration" is a kind of exile punishment, in which prisoners are sentenced to serve their sentences in designated areas (usually remote areas). Qin bamboo slips "Repetition of Laws" said, "People should not be old, and they don't need to be invited when they are old. Those who dare to cheat and falsify ... all move away. " Moving the capital is similar to exile in later generations, but exile is heavier than imprisonment, and moving the capital in Qin Dynasty is lighter than imprisonment (penal servitude). The families of those sentenced to move often move with them.
(7) Punishment of shame
Shame punishment is an insulting punishment. In the Qin dynasty, it mainly refers to the punishment symbolizing corporal punishment, such as arrogance and forbearance.
1.
Shaving the victim's hair is a punishment. In the Qin Dynasty, the punishment of strangulation was often combined with the punishment of hard labor, such as strangulation of Cheng Dan.
Step 2 resist.
Lighter than a beard, shaving the victim's sideburns is punishment. Qin Shi Nai is also mainly used in combination with labor punishment, such as being a courtier.
Some scholars also believe that the punishments in Qin Dynasty mainly include death penalty, corporal punishment, imprisonment, relocation, property punishment and admonition, among which admonition is admonition. Judging from the unearthed Qin bamboo slips, most of them were used by officials who committed minor crimes. For example, the "Effective Law" stipulates: "It is also wrong to calculate each other. Less than 220 yuan is an official and a husband. " See also "Legal Question and Answer": "Thieves hurt people, but officials think fighting hurts people. Is it inappropriate for officials to talk about this matter? When we are in power. "