Notes on the first five lessons of history in the first semester of senior high school.

Prosperous sui dynasty

First, the unification of the Sui Dynasty.

1, Establishment of Sui Dynasty: 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty seized the Northern Zhou regime, established the Sui Dynasty, and made Chang 'an its capital.

2. The Sui Dynasty unified the north and south: In 589, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and unified the north and south.

3. The economic prosperity of the Sui Dynasty:

(1) Reason: During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, he reformed the system, developed production, attached importance to official management, made the country unified and stable, made the people's burden lighter, and made the society and economy prosperous.

(2) Performance: the population has surged, and there are abundant granaries (including the world's storage, it can be supplied for 50 or 60 years. )

Second, the opening of the Grand Canal.

1. Objective: To strengthen the north-south traffic and consolidate the rule of the Sui Dynasty over the whole country.

2. Time and people: Since 605, Emperor Yang Di has opened a Grand Canal that runs through the north and south.

3. Center and starting point: Luoyang as the center, Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south.

4. Length and current situation: It is the longest canal in the ancient world with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers.

5. Four components (from north to south): Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou and Jiangnan River.

6. Connect five rivers (from north to south): Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River.

7. The role of openness: It has greatly promoted the economic exchanges between the north and the south of China.

Third, the Sui Dynasty perished: In 6 18 AD, Emperor Yang Di was killed in Jiangdu, and the Sui Dynasty perished.

Lesson 2 "The Rule of Zhenguan"

First, the establishment of the Tang Dynasty.

In 6 18, Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty with Chang 'an as its capital. Tang Gaozu is Tang Gaozu.

Tang Gaozu is located in Li Shimin. Li Shimin is Emperor Taizong, with the title "Zhenguan".

Second, "the rule of Zhenguan"

1, emperor Taizong realized from the peasant war:

The lesson of the demise of the Sui Dynasty, the greatness of the people, should not oppress farmers too much; The government should ignore taxes and develop production; The emperor should be diligent in political affairs and listen to correct opinions; Ministers should be honest and clean. Only in this way can we consolidate.

2. The main measures taken by Emperor Taizong:

(1) Attach importance to the development of production and reduce the labor of farmers.

(2) Advocating frugality and abstaining from hedonism.

(3) Merging counties and counties, rectifying bureaucracy, eliminating the disadvantages of fewer people and more officials, and reducing the burden on the people.

(4) coachable is talented and modest: "Room () seeks to break Du (such as darkness)"; Wei Zhi is the most famous remonstrator.

3. Effect:

During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the politics was relatively clear, the economy developed rapidly, and the national strength gradually increased. Historically, the rule at that time was called "the rule of chastity".

Iii. Wu Zetian-"The government started the new century and ruled macro chastity"

1, the only female emperor in the history of China. In his later years, he proclaimed himself emperor and changed his title to Zhou.

2. Achievements: During the reign of Wu Zetian, Emperor Taizong continued to implement the policy of developing agricultural production and selecting talents, and the social economy was further developed and the national strength was continuously enhanced. It is said that her rule is "political enlightenment and macro-governance."

Lesson 3 "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng"

First, "The Rule of Kaiyuan"

After Emperor Xuanzong ascended the throne: ① Appointing talents (Yao Chong); (2) attaching importance to local bureaucracy; ③ Pay attention to thrift. These reform measures brought about a new situation in the political situation in the Kaiyuan period, which was called "the rule of Kaiyuan" in history.

Second, the prosperity of the prosperous economy.

1, agriculture:

① Construction of a number of large-scale water conservancy projects.

② Improvement of farming techniques: Rice seedlings are generally transplanted. Jiangnan area has become an important grain producing area.

③ Introducing new vegetable varieties from the Western Regions.

④ Development of tea production: Tea production plays an important role in agricultural production in the south of the Yangtze River. Tea drinking style in Sheng Xing.

⑤ Improvement of production tools: Qu Yuan plough; A New Irrigation Tool ── Pipe Transporter.

2, handicraft industry:

① Silk weaving industry: the silk weaving technology is superb.

② Ceramic industry: Yueyao celadon ("jade" and "ice"),

Yao Xing White Porcelain ("Snow Sample" and "Silver Sample")

Tang Sancai (pottery, a world craft treasure).

3. Business prosperity:

① Famous metropolises: Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou and Chengdu.

② Chang 'an City: The city is divided into Fang and Shi, Fang is a residential area and Shi is a bustling commercial area. Chang 'an, Tang Dou is the center of ethnic exchanges and an international metropolis.

classify

Prosperity, economic prosperity.

agriculture

water conservancy

* * * More than forty large-scale water conservancy projects have been built.

technology

Rice seedling raising and transplanting

new species

There are many new varieties of vegetables introduced from the western regions.

Crop planting

Jiangnan has become an important grain producing area; Tea plays an important role in Jiangnan agriculture.

New tools

Qu Yuan plows and manages cars.

manufacture

Silk weaving industry

There are many varieties of colors and high silk weaving technology.

ceramic industry

Yueyao-celadon; Xing kiln-white porcelain;

Tangsancai ceramic

business

The metropolises are Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou and Chengdu. Chang 'an is an international metropolis.

4. Kaiyuan Shi Sheng

In the early reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the politics was clear, the economy was unprecedentedly prosperous, the warehouses were enriched and the population increased. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in history.

The fourth lesson is the establishment of the imperial examination system

First, the birth of the imperial examination system

1 year, when Emperor Wendi was in office, he began to select officials by subject examination.

2. When Yang Di was in Yangdi, he set up Jinshi and selected talents according to the examination results. China's imperial examination system was formally born.

Second, the perfection of the imperial examination system.

1, the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty was gradually improved, and the examination subjects were Jinshi and Mingjing.

2. The key figures to improve the imperial examination system in Tang Dynasty are Emperor Taizong, Wu Zetian and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.

(1) Emperor Taizong:

Attach importance to the cultivation and selection of talents: there are many references for Jinshi; Admission is extremely strict, and the first place is the champion.

② Wu Zetian:

Vigorously advocated the imperial examination, personally interviewed, and created the palace examination and martial arts.

(3) Tang Xuanzong:

Poetry and Fu became the main examination content of Jinshi, and he interviewed imperial examination candidates eight times.

summary

figure

contribution

Sui Wendi

We began to select officials through subject examinations.

Birth stage

(Sui Dynasty)

emperor

The official establishment of Jinshi, the official birth of the imperial examination system.

Emperor Taizong

Expand the scale of Chinese studies

perfect stage

(Tang dynasty)

Wu Zetian

Create a palace to test martial arts

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang dynasty

Poetry and Fu became the main examination content of Jinshi.

Third, the influence of the imperial examination system.

1, improving the employment system, so that scholars with low family status can learn to be officials based on their talents; .

2. Promoted the development of education, and the atmosphere of hard study prevailed;

3. It promotes the development of literature and art, and is conducive to the prosperity of Tang poetry.

Fourthly, the imperial examination system lasted for 1300 years in China until it was abolished in the late Qing Dynasty.

Lesson 5 "Family Harmony"

Association between Tang Dynasty and Tubo

1, Tubo people are the ancestors of Tibetans today. Songzan Gambu unifies the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

In the 2nd and 7th centuries, Emperor Taizong married Princess Wencheng to Zangbusongzanganbu in Tubo. Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet strengthened the economic and cultural exchanges between Tang and Tibet, and enhanced the friendly relations between China and Tibet.

In the 3rd and 8th centuries, the Tang Dynasty married Princess Jincheng to Tubo. Tubo Zanpa Kridê Zukzain wrote to the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, saying that Tang and Tubo were "a family, living in harmony", and the relationship between Tang and Tubo became increasingly close.

Lesson 6 Friendly Exchange with Foreign Countries

First, the relationship between Tang and Japan & Tang envoys and the eastward journey.

1, send messengers to the Tang Dynasty

(1) From the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, many Japanese envoys came to the Tang Dynasty to study the culture and trade between the two countries.

(2) Tang Wenhua's influence on Japanese.

(1) The diplomatic envoys in the Tang Dynasty carried out political reforms on the basis of the Tang Dynasty system.

(2) Japanese characters are created with reference to Chinese characters,

(3) Social life retains some fashions of the Tang Dynasty.

2. Jian Zhen went to Japan.

(1) Among the envoys and monks who went to Japan in the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen was the most influential. He successfully went to Japan for the sixth time and spread the culture of the Tang Dynasty in Japan.

(2) The Tang-Zhao Temple designed by Jian Zhen still exists today, and is regarded as an artistic pearl by the Japanese.

Second, the relationship between Tang and Tianzhu ── Xuanzang The Journey to the West

1, time: Tang Taizong period

2. After that:

In the early years of Zhenguan, Xuanzang set out from Chang 'an to study in Tianzhu and became a famous Buddhist master. When teaching in Tianzhu, he was respected. After returning to China, he devoted himself to translating Buddhist scriptures and wrote the famous "Datang Western Regions".

3. Impact:

The Western Regions of Datang has become an important classic for studying the history and Buddhism of Central Asia, Indian Peninsula and Xinjiang.

Lesson 7 and Lesson 8 Brilliant Sui and Tang Cultures

I. Science and technology

1, building:

Zhao Zhouqiao designed and built by Li Chun in Sui Dynasty is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world. It took Europeans more than 700 years to build a similar bridge.

2. Print:

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, people in China invented block printing.

(2) The Diamond Sutra published in the Tang Dynasty is the earliest block printing with exact date in the world.

Second, literature: poetry

1. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of China's poetry creation.

2, on behalf of the poet:

(1) Li Bai ── "Poet Immortal" (First Offender of Baidicheng and Difficult Road to Shu).

(2) Du Fu ── "Poet Sage" (Three Officials and Three Farewells)

(3) Bai Juyi-"Qin Zhongyin" and "New Yuefu" sympathize with the people, easy to understand and reflect real life.

Third, calligraphy: "Yan Liu Jin Gu"

1, Yan Zhenqing: "Yan Ti" is the most accomplished calligrapher in the history of calligraphy in China after Wang Xizhi, represented by "Yan Family Temple Monument".

2. Liu Gongquan: Liu Ti, represented by Mysterious Tower Monument.

Fourth, painting.

1, (Tang Dynasty) Yan: It stands for "walking map".

2. (Tang Dynasty) Wu Daozi: Painting a Sage, with Born of Gautama Buddha as his representative work.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) carving

The Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province is one of the largest art treasures in the world.

The above contents can be simplified and summarized as follows:

I. Science and technology

kind

dynasty

designer

achievement