The main way for witches to replace ghosts and gods is divination. Gao Feng said: "Divination was originally witchcraft, and in ancient times it was actually mastered by witches (music seats)." The so-called "witch" refers to a witch, and "witch" refers to a witch. Guoyu Chuyu says: "Witches are male, witches are female." The ancients used divination when they were in trouble. Because of the difference between divination and divination, the results of divination and divination are not the same, so it often happens that divination comes first and then divination, and divination and divination are contradictory. For example, "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Four Years" says: "I want to marry Li Ji. In a word, Jigong said, "From Zan. "This shows that the ancients also selectively believed in divination according to personal likes and dislikes. Han Fei, a thinker in the Warring States Period, cited many examples that ancient divination was not practical, and criticized: "People who spend time dealing with ghosts and gods and believe in divination and sacrifice to good people can die." "Everything is done by Zheng Wu" regards superstition as one of the root causes of national subjugation. In the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, witchcraft, divination and history were originally indistinguishable. According to "Zhou Li" records, divination officials have the functions of supplementing, divining, occupying people, chasing and so on. There is a saying in the Book of Changes, that is, "If you use the history of witchcraft, if there is no dispute! "Ji" and "Wu Shi" here are people who engaged in superstitious activities in ancient times. There is a clear record in the book "Feeding Young Prisoners": "The history books hold divination and divination at the same time to inform the master." Another cloud says, "Stone, hold the bow on the left and pull the saddle on the right." "It's all history." In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhen Bu or warlock was originally responsible for recording good and bad luck, but in the Western Zhou Dynasty, history also became a "fortune teller", both divination and divination. So it is difficult to distinguish history from witchcraft and divination. They are all engaged in divination activities and do some writing work. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the duties of historians included counting, divination, counting, writing books, making officials and writing books. Finally, history developed into a historian, but witches never got rid of the scope of superstition and ghosts.
The origin and significance of Confucianism have been debated in academic circles for more than half a century. Zhang Taiyan wrote "The Original Confucianism" and published "On the Balance of National Heritage" that year, mainly explaining Confucianism from the classification of Confucianism, without discussing the origin of Confucianism in detail. 1934, Hu Shi wrote "Talking about Confucianism", which was the first time that "Confucianism is the priest of the Yin people", and that "these people rely on their ethical knowledge to get enough food and clothing, and they are all priests taught by the ancestors of the Yin people, who practice etiquette and wear clothes". He also said: The old Confucian motto is softness. "Confucianism is a soft person, not only refers to the elegance of clothes, but also refers to the judo outlook on life of the country's adherents." "Confucianism is a teacher of ancient religions. In addition to mourning, they have to perform other religious duties. " Hu Shi's On Confucianism is quite insightful, but it lacks historical proof. Later, Guo Moruo wrote Refuting Confucianism, arguing that Confucianism was not a priest of the Yin nationality. "Confucianism should have been the exclusive name of Mr. Zou Lu, which existed before Confucius, but it was the product of the history of the Spring and Autumn Period and the result of the gradual disintegration of slavery in the Western Zhou Dynasty." 1942, his article "On the Occurrence of Confucianism" still adheres to the above viewpoint. This view was accepted by most people for a long time and became the dominant view. Now it seems that it is worth further discussion. 1975, Xu Zhongshu published Confucianism as seen by Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In this weighty paper, he clearly stated: "Confucianism existed in the Shang Dynasty, and the words needed in Oracle Bone Inscriptions were the original Confucian words. The whole word is like the shape of a bathing body washed with water. The ancients didn't make a big basin for bathing, but only washed it with a pitcher, such as today's shower. It's like a person taking a bath and water rushing down from the top of his head. " But why is bathing the body associated with Confucianism? It turns out that ancient Confucianism, such as offering sacrifices to ancestors, holding funerals and treating people and things, should always fast. "Book of Rites Confucianism": "Confucianism has a bath and a bath." Bathing is bathing, bathing is fasting. Mencius Li Lou: "Although there are wicked people, fasting and bathing can serve God." It shows that bathing and fasting is a sincere respect for gods and ghosts. It can be seen that Confucianism in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is like bathing in the body. As mentioned above, it is quite reasonable to analyze the initial occupation of Confucianism. In his early years, Xu Zhongshu proved Hu Shi's view that Confucianism is the priest of Yin people with Oracle Bone Inscriptions materials, which is an important contribution in the academic field. However, Hu Shi's so-called Confucianism refers to "the judo outlook on life of the people who have lost their country and endured humiliation." It doesn't have to be like this.
Confucianism contains the meaning of combining rigidity with softness. Xu Shen, a Han Chinese, said, "Confucianism, softness and warlock." Warlocks, that is, priests of ancient religions, are equivalent to monks, Taoists and priests of later generations. Their occupations are dedicated to offering sacrifices to ancestors, serving gods, handling funerals and serving as priests for nobles. Only in this way, they are lazy and powerless, but they are full of culture and elegance because they have mastered the knowledge of etiquette and music culture. Historically, Confucian books are similar to scholars and history, and there are both connections and differences with witches. Witches were people who played gods or ghosts in the Yin Dynasty. Witches are gods, traffic ghosts, and Confucianism is ancestors and traffic ghosts. Later, Confucianism gradually separated from witchcraft and became a specialized profession. Xu Zhongshu's argument is relatively complete and reliable. We believe that Confucianism originated in the Yin Dynasty. At first, it mainly taught religious activities, which gradually changed from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. From a priest who mainly engaged in religious activities, he evolved into a Confucian who engaged in both religious activities and cultural and educational activities. With the development of history, its religious color has gradually faded, and the content of culture and education has increased, and even an independent school was established at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Great Zhou Li: "Confucianism and Taoism serve the people." "Zhou Li Tianguan": "Confucianism wins the people with Taoism." The "Tao" here refers to the six arts. Confucianism teaches people with six arts. At this time, Confucianism became a teacher completely. The above is about the emergence and evolution of Confucianism, which is not only a historical development, but also a reflection of cultural and academic progress. It is necessary to study the emergence and evolution of Confucianism and explore the relationship between Confucianism and religion.